Early treating specific symptoms of autism or ADHD can help children, even without a diagnosis

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For individuals experiencing mental health difficulties, early access to support services and effective intervention can be life-altering. To access these services through the health-care system, however, most institutions require an official diagnosis.

But what about those who have symptoms, but don't quite meet the criteria for a mental health diagnosis? These individuals may be overlooked by the health-care system, despite symptoms that may be treatable.

Journal of Child Psychology  is an open access, online, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to reach the health sciences professionals with genuine and reliable source of data on current research on medicine and health education.

Currently, accepting manuscripts for publishing in our journal Upcoming Issue - Volume 5 Issue 5.

In most cases, a diagnosis must meet the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5). For example, a child suspected to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) must have six or more symptoms that affect their quality of functioning. 

On top of this, mental health conditions are not always clear cut and easy to identify. Two children with the same diagnosis could experience very different symptoms, and their daily lives may be affected in very different ways. To complicate things further, factors like gender, age or having more than one diagnosis can impact how symptoms present as well as whether (and how quickly) a diagnosis can be made.

Since symptoms can vary from person to person, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment plan. For example, some children with ADHD may benefit from programs aimed at improving language, while others may benefit from those focusing on attention. This variability isn't restricted to ADHD and is present in most if not all mental health conditions.

These factors have led some researchers to think of mental health difficulties in terms of specific symptoms as opposed to diagnostic categories. For example, one could focus on attention difficulties regardless of whether an individual had ADHD, a different diagnosis or even no diagnosis. The most widely used framework to do this is the research domain criteria or RDoC approach, where symptoms rather than diagnostic labels are used to understand an individual's mental health difficulties.

RDoC approach is used to look at how symptoms of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the general population can impact functioning. In two recent studies, we found that those with increased ADHD and ASD symptoms (but no official diagnosis) had more learning, language and social communication difficulties.

These findings tell us that we do not need someone to be functioning at the lowest level in order to benefit from treatment. Those with varying levels of these disorders who are not yet diagnosed can also benefit.

Fully adopting an RDoC approach for mental health care would require a complete overhaul to the diagnostic system, and in reality, is not likely to happen any time soon. However, taking this approach in terms of research and support systems could lead to an immediate improvement for those presenting with symptoms.

This would include individuals who either fall short of a diagnosis, don't fall squarely into a specific diagnosis, or are waiting for an evaluation. And in Canada, the time from referral to evaluation of diagnosis can take up to a year. The good news is that there are resources available and actions parents can take to provide support that may help with specific difficulties.

The best way to understand mental health difficulties is to move beyond the simple binary choice of having a diagnosis or not, and towards focusing on the varying degrees of symptoms across the broader population. Taking this approach in terms of research and support systems could lead to improvements in individualized, targeted care and to better quality of life for anyone experiencing mental health difficulties.

 

Thank& Regards

Lucy Morgan

Editorial assistant

Journal of Child Psychology

Email: childpsychol@scholarlypub.com